Concept of chemical materials for lithium batteries

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The emergence of Li-S batteries can be traced back to 1962. Herbert and colleagues 15 first proposed the primary cell models using Li and Li alloys as anodes, and sulfur, selenium, and halogens, etc., as cathodes. In the patent, the alkaline or alkaline earth perchlorates, iodides, sulfocyanides, bromides, or chlorates dissolved in a primary, secondary, …

Material design and structure optimization for rechargeable lithium ...

The emergence of Li-S batteries can be traced back to 1962. Herbert and colleagues 15 first proposed the primary cell models using Li and Li alloys as anodes, and sulfur, selenium, and halogens, etc., as cathodes. In the patent, the alkaline or alkaline earth perchlorates, iodides, sulfocyanides, bromides, or chlorates dissolved in a primary, secondary, …

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Science 101: Batteries

A lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery. It has four key parts: 1 The cathode (the positive side), typically a combination of nickel, manganese, and cobalt oxides; 2 The anode (the negative side), commonly made out of graphite, the same material found in many pencils; 3 A separator that prevents contact between the anode and cathode; 4 A chemical solution known …

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Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Electrocatalysis in Lithium ...

In chemical concepts, when the catalyst is in a different phase with the reactants, it is called a heterogeneous catalyst. ... Kaskel, S. Carbon materials for lithium sulfur batteries—Ten critical questions. Chem. Eur. J. 2016, 22, 7324. [Google Scholar] Chung, S.H.; Chang, C.H.; Manthiram, A. Progress on the critical parameters for lithium ...

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How does a lithium-Ion battery work?

This article can be used for Chemistry and Engineering & Technology teaching and learning related to electrochemistry and energy storage. Concepts introduced include lithium-ion batteries, cell, electrode, electrolyte, rechargeable, group (Periodic Table), intercalation materials, charge density, electropositive, separator and flammable.

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Recent advancements in development of different cathode …

The main concept of this review article focuses on the technological development and scientific challenges faced in a broad range of cathode materials in the …

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Fundamentals and perspectives of lithium-ion batteries

Thus, the equilibrium cell potential is the theoretical voltage of a battery that depends on the difference between the chemical potential of lithium in the anode and cathode material. This equilibrium potential is equal to the open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) when no current is passing through the external circuit, i.e. under no load condition.

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Challenging the concept of electrochemical discharge using salt ...

Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has gained prominence in the last decade due to increasing supply chain constraints for critical materials (such as lithium and cobalt) and policy shift ...

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Unified Interplay of Chemical Bond and Solid‐State Kinetics in Lithium ...

It is proposed that the unified interplay between the chemical hardness of the Li–X (X = S, Se, and Te) bond and solid-state conversion kinetics enables intrinsic reshaping of materials for fabricating high-energy density lithium–sulfur batteries. This concept is evaluated using three cathode models: (i) Li 2 S, (ii) Se-doped Li 2 S (Se-Li ...

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Physicochemical Concepts of the Lithium Metal Anode …

Developing reversible lithium metal anodes with high rate capability is one of the central aims of current battery research. Lithium metal …

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Material Design Concept of Lithium‐Excess Electrode Materials …

Dependence on lithium‐ion batteries for automobile applications is rapidly increasing, and further improvement, especially for positive electrode materials, is indispensable to increase energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. In the past several years, many new lithium‐excess high‐capacity electrode materials with rocksalt‐related structures have been reported.

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A Novel Concept for the Synthesis of an Improved LiFePO4 Lithium ...

This paper describes the synthesis and the properties of a kinetically improved cathode material. The novel aspect of the synthesis is based on a critical step involving the dispersion of metal (e.g., copper or silver) at a very low concentration (1 wt %). This metal addition does not affect the structure of the cathode but considerably improves its kinetics in terms of …

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Research progress of anode materials for lithium ion battery

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted the attention of related researchers because of their excellent performance such as no memory effects, environmental-friendly and small self-discharge. The development of information electronics, electric vehicles and smart grids has created a huge demand for high energy density, long cycle life and low cost LIBs. As one …

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How lithium-ion batteries work conceptually: thermodynamics of Li ...

Given that explanations of lithium-ion batteries have been attempted based on a wide range of concepts, including the electrolyte, 5 empirical reduction potentials, 17 point defects, 4 unexplained reductions in Gibbs free energy, 6,7,11 electronegativity, 2 work functions, 15,16 and the chemical potential "in the[ir] electrodes", 2 of ...

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Fundamentals and perspectives of lithium-ion batteries

This chapter presents an overview of the key concepts, a brief history of the advancement and factors governing the electrochemical performance metrics of battery technology. It also …

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Challenging the concept of electrochemical discharge using salt ...

The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) has grown significantly in recent years, making them a promising source of secondary raw materials due to their rich composition of valuable materials such as Co, Ni and Al. However, the high voltage and reactive components of LIBs pose safety hazards during cr …

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Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future ...

The first is centered around advancing the recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries, contributing to the sustainable management of this critical energy storage technology. ... Sections 2–6 deal with the fundamental concepts of major recycling technologies namely direct recycling, pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, bio ...

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DOE Explains...Batteries

Similarly, for batteries to work, electricity must be converted into a chemical potential form before it can be readily stored. Batteries consist of two electrical terminals called the cathode and the anode, separated by a chemical material called an electrolyte. To accept and release energy, a battery is coupled to an external circuit.

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The research progress on COF solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries

Lithium metal batteries have garnered significant attention due to their high energy density and broad application prospects. However, the practical use of traditional liquid electrolytes is constrained by safety and stability challenges. In the exploration of novel electrolytes, solid-state electrolyte materials have emerged as a focal point.

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Comprehensive Review on Concept and Recycling Evolution of Lithium …

(a) General battery structure. (b) Major components and operating mechanism of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) (Or et al., reproduced with permission). 42 (c) Degradation mechanisms for rechargeable ...

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Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future ...

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power storage systems in electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs). Recycling of spent LIBs is of utmost importance from various perspectives including recovery of valuable metals (mostly Co and Li) and mitigation of environmental pollution. Recycling meth Celebrating the scientific accomplishments of RSC Fellows

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Catalytic materials for lithium-sulfur batteries: mechanisms, design ...

A standard Li–S battery consists of a sulfur cathode, a lithium anode, and organic lithium salt-based electrolyte. After discharging, the active material S 8 is reduced to fully discharged state Li 2 S as shown in the overall cell reaction S 8 + 16Li ↔ 8Li 2 S, delivering a specific capacity of 1675 mAh g −1 based on S 8.Afterward, the Li 2 S is oxidized back to S 8 …

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Solid state chemistry for developing better metal-ion batteries

We highlight the crucial role of advanced diffraction, imaging and spectroscopic characterization techniques coupled with solid state chemistry approaches for improving …

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Advanced Nanostructured Materials for …

In chemical concepts, when the catalyst is in a different phase with the reactants, it is called a heterogeneous catalyst. ... Kaskel, S. Carbon materials for lithium sulfur batteries—Ten critical questions. Chem. Eur. J. …

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New-concept Batteries Based on Aqueous Li+/Na+ Mixed-ion

As sodium-intercalation compounds suitable for aqueous batteries are limited, we adopt a novel concept of Li+/Na+ mixed-ion electrolytes to create two batteries (LiMn2O4/Na0.22MnO2 and Na0.44MnO2 ...

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Recent advancements in development of different cathode materials …

Historical background and basic concepts of lithium-ion batteries2.1. ... Researchers have been progressively fabricating the cathode materials with the chemical to make it stable and cheaper. The cathode material is very complex where the process causes spontaneous structural and phase transition. The energy density, power density, stability ...

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Carbon nanotubes for lithium ion batteries

High capacity anode materials have been under development since the original lithium metal batteries were produced in the 1970s. 14 Lithium metal anodes have a high inherent capacity …

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Emerging concept of lithium-free anodes toward practical high ...

The expand deployment of renewable energy has driven an unremitting search for rechargeable batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), one of the most commercially mature rechargeable batteries [1], undergo rapid development since their introduction in 1990s and have widely applications in various consumer electronic devices, electric vehicles (EVs), …

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Strategies toward the development of high-energy-density lithium batteries

According to reports, the energy density of mainstream lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4) batteries is currently below 200 Wh kg −1, while that of ternary lithium-ion batteries ranges from 200 to 300 Wh kg −1 pared with the commercial lithium-ion battery with an energy density of 90 Wh kg −1, which was first achieved by SONY in 1991, the energy density …

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Battery 101: The Fundamentals of How a Lithium-Ion Battery Works

The difference in lithium batteries is the chemical composition of these different components. ... The chemistry of a lithium-ion battery requires different materials on the positive and negative sides of the battery. ... You may not be familiar with the concept of sulfation, but it''s a vital one to know due to how it can affect lead-acid ...

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Entropy-Driven Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries

1 Introduction. Synthesizing new materials through increasing their configurational entropy is an emerging concept in materials science. High-entropy (HE) alloys, [1, 2] typically consisting of five or more principal elements, facilitate the formation of solid-solution phases with simple structures. [] This has been extended to entropy-stabilized functional …

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The Development of Catalyst Materials for the Advanced Lithium …

The lithium–sulfur battery is considered as one of the most promising next-generation energy storage systems owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, the shuttle effect in lithium–sulfur battery leads to the problems of low sulfur utilization, poor cyclability, and rate capability, which has attracted the attention of a large number of …

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Ten major challenges for sustainable lithium-ion batteries

Following the rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs), the market share of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has increased exponentially and is expected to continue growing, reaching 4.7 TWh by 2030 as projected by McKinsey. 1 As the energy grid transitions to renewables and heavy vehicles like trucks and buses increasingly rely on rechargeable …

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A proof-of-concept of direct recycling of anode and cathode active ...

Direct recycling is an alternative method, which does not involve necessarily the decomposition of the cathode into substituent elements [6, [15], [16], [17], [18]].During direct recycling, the original cathode active material (CAM) structure is preserved and regenerated to its pristine functionalities by purification and further reparation of structural and chemical …

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Core-shell materials for advanced batteries

To further enhance the properties of batteries, it is important to exploit new electrode materials. Carbon fiber has been found to play a crucial role. Various batteries, such as Lithium-ion batteries, Lithium-sulfur batteries, Sodium-ion batteries, and Vanadium redox flow batteries, have been investigated.

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Energy and environmental aspects in recycling lithium-ion batteries ...

@article{osti_1694390, title = {Energy and environmental aspects in recycling lithium-ion batteries: Concept of Battery Identity Global Passport}, author = {Bai, Yaocai and Muralidharan, Nitin and Sun, Yang-Kook and Passerini, Stefano and Whittingham, M. Stanley and Belharouak, Ilias}, abstractNote = {The emergence and dominance of lithium-ion …

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Li Alloys in All Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review of ...

Due to its high chemical reactivity, lithium has the remarkable ability to form seamless alloys with a wide range of metals and metalloids, as illustrated in Fig. 2a. In addition, the low melting point of approximately 180 °C exhibited by lithium creates an advantageous environment for the preparation of Li alloy materials [].The history of Li alloys can be traced …

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Battery Materials Design Essentials | Accounts of …

A review. First principles computation methods play an important role in developing and optimizing new energy storage and conversion …

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Battery Materials Design Essentials | Accounts of …

Further progress with rechargeable batteries may require new chemistries (lithium ion batteries and beyond) and better understanding of materials electrochem. in the various battery technologies. In the past …

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Metal hydrides for lithium-ion batteries | Nature Materials

Conversion electrodes for lithium-ion batteries are capable of high capacity but low energy efficiency and low voltages are problematic. The electrochemical reactivity of MgH2 with Li shows ...

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Cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries: Recent …

Herein, we summarized recent literatures on the properties and limitations of various types of cathode materials for LIBs, such as Layered transition metal oxides, spinel …

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"Ionic liquids-in-salt" – a promising electrolyte concept for high ...

A novel electrolyte concept for lithium-ion batteries, termed "ionic liquid-in-salt", is introduced. Our feasibility study on (1 − x)EMIMTFSI:(x)LiTFSI, 0.66 ≤ x ≤ 0.97, showed that at elevated temperatures the various dual liquid and solid phase regions are characterized by a wide thermal stability window, high ionic conductivities and appreciable mechanical integrity.

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