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Solar Phys (2011) 273:309–337 DOI 10.1007/s11207-011-9788-4 ENERGY STORAGE AND RELEASE – MODELS MEET RADIO OBSERVATIONS Radio Emission of the Quiet Sun and Active Regions (Invited Review) K. Shibasaki ·C.E. Alissandrakis ·S. Pohjolainen Received: 9 February 2011 / Accepted: 8 May 2011 / Published online: 15 June 2011
Solar Phys (2011) 273:309–337 DOI 10.1007/s11207-011-9788-4 ENERGY STORAGE AND RELEASE – MODELS MEET RADIO OBSERVATIONS Radio Emission of the Quiet Sun and Active Regions (Invited Review) K. Shibasaki ·C.E. Alissandrakis ·S. Pohjolainen Received: 9 February 2011 / Accepted: 8 May 2011 / Published online: 15 June 2011
After proposing the new free energy and self-consistent model for ECM emission, we re-examine the physical processes of some solar radio bursts: Solar radio type I bursts are generally considered to be generated by the energetic electrons trapped in coronal loops; Zhao et al. [124] considered the influence of Alfvén waves on ECM emission, and found …
Thermal emittance is important at a low concentration ratio and a high absorber temperature (top left corner), while solar absorptance is dominant at a high concentration ratio …
Solar radio emission refers to radio waves that are naturally produced by the Sun, primarily from the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere called the chromosphere and corona, respectively. The Sun produces radio emissions through four known mechanisms, each of which operates primarily by converting the energy of moving electrons into electromagnetic radiation. The four …
Abstract A heat-engine analysis of a climate system requires the determination of the solar absorption temperature and the terrestrial emission temperature. These temperatures are entropically defined as the ratio of the energy exchanged to the entropy produced. The emission temperature, shown here to be greater than or equal to the effective emission …
In this study, the combination of solar energy and waste heat is proposed as a new solution to drive an absorption refrigeration subsystem and further subcool a CO 2 booster refrigeration system, and the overall technical framework of the hybrid system is illustrated in Fig. 1.Thermodynamic model of the proposed new system is developed.
In this study, the SiC/ITO hybrid NF with a mixing ratio of 8:2 showed the highest solar energy absorption ratios in both the visible light and near-infrared regions. …
Even though some studies have focused on the fact that solar energy can enter the room through south walls, they only analyzed the impact solar energy on the indoor temperature field [9, 10], and did not quantitatively and directly evaluate the reduction in CEH due to the solar energy absorbed by south walls.Essentially, the actual SEASW is the reduction of …
The solar energy absorption ratio of NFs was calculated using Eq. (2), and AM 1.5 standard spectrum was used for the irradiance of the terrestrial solar spectrum. The 0.005 vol% SiC and 0.2 vol% ITO NFs absorbed 96% and 99.3% of the total solar energy, respectively. The SiC NF absorbed most solar energy (98.1%) in the visible light region, whereas it showed …
FIGURE 4. Image of the soft (0.25–4.0 keV) X-ray emission from the sun, from the the soft X-ray telescope on board the Japanese–U.S.–U.K. Yohkoh solar satellite observatory. X-ray emission from the sun is confined to the corona, the outermost layer of the sun''s atmosphere. Thermal X-ray emission is produced by conversion of magnetic energy to …
Intrinsic materials with high solar absorption and low infrared emission are of great significance for photothermal conversion. However, there has been a lack of intrinsic materials with selective solar absorption in nature. The intrinsic low …
Figure 2 is the result of the simulation, we can notice the main absorption range of SCSA is from visible light (VIS) to middle infrared (MIR), and the absorption efficiency is greater than 90% in the range of 455–3257 nm (about 2802 nm). The average absorption efficiency in the solar radiation band is 93.29%, and the bands with insufficient absorption …
Solar radiation on the earth usually will be converted naturally into three forms of energy: electricity, chemical fuel, and heat [].(1) For the solar-electric conversion (also called as photovoltaic: PV), it is based on the principle of converting the solar-induced photons into electricity by a photon absorption process in which the electron–hole pairs are generated in a …
The amount of light absorbed, and its relation to the absorption spectrum is considered, to demonstrate how much current is generated in a solar cell. Details of the absorption spectrum are discussed and how the band gap energy is determined so that the ultimate performance of a solar cell can be appreciated. Both direct and indirect band gaps ...
The self-absorption ratio S is used to qualify self-absorption losses in organic solar concentrators (OSC), and is defined as the ratio of the absorption coefficients of the absorption and emission maxima (Currie et al., 2008).As shown in Fig. 2 d, Rhodamine 6G has an S value of 3.779. In contrast, the absorption value at the emission maxima of Eu(TTA) 3 …
ABSORPTION, EMISSION, REFLECTION, AND SCATTERING 3.1 Absorption and Emission As noted earlier, blackbody radiation represents the upper limit to the amount of radiation that a real substance may emit at a given temperature. At any given wavelength λ, emissivity is defined as the ratio of the actual emitted radiance, Rλ, to that from an ideal blackbody, Bλ, ελ = Rλ / …
In response to this necessity, pioneering efforts have concentrated on the development of super white materials capable of scattering incident solar radiation effectively while ensuring that thermal emission is confined within the atmospheric window. 2, 3, 4 These materials have enabled significant reductions in energy consumption, particularly for …
Calorimetric device for determination of solar absorption & infrared emittance ratio of materials at room temperature. NTRS NTRS - NASA Technical Reports Server . Search. more_vert. Collections About News Help Login. Back to Results. Calorimetric determination of infrared emittance and the absorptance/emission ratio Calorimetric device …
Intrinsic materials with high solar absorption and low infrared emission are of great significance for photothermal conversion. However, there has been a lack of intrinsic materials with selective solar absorption in nature. The intrinsic low emissivity of SSAC is usually achieved by constructing complex subwavelength metastructures and metasurfaces. Huang''s group …
Solar absorptance and thermal emittance of spacecraft materials are critical parameters in determin-ing spacecraft temperature control. Because thickness, surface preparation, coatings formulation, manufacturing techniques, etc. affect these parameters, it is usually necessary to measure the absorptance and emittance of materials before they are used. Also, because …
A p–n junction is fabricated in a monolayer of WSe2, which can be used as a solar cell, a photodiode and a light-emitting diode.
Higher aspect ratios tend to enhance energy absorption and thermal efficiencies, while optimal collector orientation and irradiation position ensure efficient solar radiation absorption. Proper selection of tube diameter is essential to ensure efficient heat transfer while minimizing flow resistance. Higher solar irradiance levels increase thermal …
Near infrared emissions from both high efficient quantum cutting (173%) and nearly-pure-color upconversion in NaY(WO 4) 2:Er 3+ /Yb 3+ with thermal management capability for silicon-based solar cells
Only a small part of the incident solar energy converts to the electrical power in photovoltaic devices. The majority of the energy loss contributes to the heat generation in devices and thus leads to a temperature rise, causing an inevitable impact on the performance of photovoltaic devices. Hence, loss processes in solar cells play very important roles in solar …
Solar energy is clean, abundant and sustainable energy, and conventionally harvested via the photovoltaic (PV) and the solar thermal (ST) technologies. To realize its full spectrum utilization, new technologies are being developed, such as the concentrated spectral-splitting, the hybrid photovoltaic-thermal utilization [ 1 ], and the concentrated photochemical …
Photosynthesis is a critical process that harnesses solar energy to sustain life across Earth''s intricate ecosystems. Central to this phenomenon is nuanced adaptation to a spectrum spanning ...
A heat-engine analysis of a climate system requires the determination of the solar absorption temperature and the terrestrial emission temperature. These temperatures are …
Surface and aircraft measurements of aerosol plumes in China suggest that solar absorption increases with the ratio of black carbon to sulphate. Black carbon is generated by fossil-fuel combustion ...
The O-type stars and their spectral subtypes O9–O3 are classified on the basis of the He II λ4541/He I λ4471 line ratio which increases with increasing temperature until the He I λ4471 line disappears at O3. The He II λ4686 line can be used as a luminosity indicator, the line starting out in absorption for the dwarfs and switching into emission for the giants and supergiants. …
The radiant energy budgets of planets and satellites, which are mainly determined by the absorbed solar energy and the emitted thermal energy, play critical roles in the thermal properties and ...
re-absorption and re-emission processes to determine photon recycling efficiency in hybrid perovskite with its single crystals by measuring the ratio of the re-emitted photons to the
The ratio of building energy consumption relative to total energy consumption has increased from 33.7% to 41.1% between 1980 ... while the massive wall is also mostly covered in black paint for further absorption of solar energy. The air is heated within the space between the glazing and the massive wall, then flows toward the interior building space …
where ρ is the density of the material and k ν is the absorption coefficient. The minus sign is because the optical depth is measured from the observer to the star, while z is measured in the opposite direction. Furthermore, S ν in (5) is …
A negative Poisson''s ratio (NPR) structure represents optimal impact-resistance with applications in various fields, including the crash box in vehicles, which absorbs impact kinetic energy. The crash box is designed to deform in response to impact, increasing local structural density, which enhances impact resistance performance. Current studies have only …
The important parts of a typical flat-plate solar collector as shown in Fig. 1 are: the black solar energy-absorbing surface, with means for transferring the absorbed energy to a fluid; a glass cover which reduce convection and radiation losses to the atmosphere; and back and lateral insulation to reduce the conduction losses as the geometry of system permits.
Taking into account the energy transmitted through the glass-air interface (t g − a) and the energy lost in the environment due to the un-reflected thermal flux (1 − r a − g), we calculate the solar absorption efficiency n a (T) and the thermal emission efficiency n ε (T) respectively: (13) n a (T) = ∫ t g − a (λ) a (λ, T) S (λ) d λ ∫ S (λ) d λ (14) n ε (T) = ∫ (1 − r a ...
The mass ratio of Ni and CoO has a greater impact on the optical properties of the composite material, so the absorption–emission ratios of the composite material Ni–CoO at different mass ratios are calculated. The …
Comparing life cycle stages and proportions of GHG emissions from each stage for PV and coal shows that, for coal-fired power plants, fuel combustion during operation emits the vast …
the side walls. The ratio of the net emission to absorption is defined as the adiabatic efficiency, η adiabatic ¼jQ emitj=Q abs. Among the total net thermal emission from the …
1.2 Surface Absorption-Based Concentrating Solar Thermal Systems. Incumbent concentrating solar thermal systems predominantly employ surface absorption-based receivers. Here, the solar irradiance is firstly absorbed by a solar selective surface (a surface having high solar irradiance absorptivity and low thermal emissivity) and subsequently this …
The observed properties (i.e., source size, source position, time duration, and decay time) of solar radio emission produced through plasma processes near the local plasma frequency, and hence the interpretation of solar radio bursts, are strongly influenced by propagation effects in the inhomogeneous turbulent solar corona. In this work, a 3D stochastic …
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